Educational Principles Essay - 849 Words

EDUCATIONAL PRINCIPLES 1 Educational Principles and Piaget’s Limitations of Preoperational Thought Cathleen Barney Excelsior College EDUCATIONAL PRINCIPLES 2 Jean Piaget’s theories continue to have a major impact on both teacher training and classroom practices. This essay will discuss the three educational principles derived from his theory and also discuss the limitations of preoperational thought from his point of view. The first educational principle is discovery learning. In this principle, children are encouraged to discover things for themselves by interacting with the environment (Berk, 2010). Teachers provide them with things that will promote development thru their imagination and†¦show more content†¦Piaget’s theory assumes that children develop at different rates, but in the same sequence, so teachers must plan activities for small groups and individuals (Berk, 2010). This theory’s implication is that instruction should be adapted to the development level of the learner and that the content is consistent with that level of learning (Piaget, n.d.). A child need s to be compared to their own previous level of development. The limitations of preoperational thought from Piaget’s point of view are described by him as what they can’t understand (Berk, 2010). The term preoperational suggests that he compared them to older, more competent children (Berk, 2010). One of these limitations is egocentrism. Piaget assumes that the egocentric child assumes that other people see, feel, and hear exactly the same way that they do (Berk, 2010). This is responsible for animistic thinking that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities (Berk, 2010). Children also have the inability to conserve. That is, something stays the same in quantity even though it’s appearance changes. For example, two children have identical boxes of raisins, but when child 1 spreads their raisins on the table, child 2 is convinced that they have more (Berk, 2010). Preoperational children also have the inability to reverse steps. They can’t mentally go through steps in a problem and reverseShow MoreRelatedThe Basic Principles Of Educational Psychology1023 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscipline of education was defined by the National Center for Educational Statistics as a discipline includes â€Å"the general theory and practice of learning and teaching, the basic principles of educational psychology, the art of teaching, the planning and administration of educational activities, school safety and health issues, and the social foundations of education† (â€Å"National center for educational statistics,† 2010). Within the educational discipline is a community of researchers and practitionersRead MoreEducational Principles, Understandings, And Commitments1602 Words   |  7 Pages Part 1: EDUCATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND COMMITMENTS: What are the broad principles, understandings, and commitments that shape your conception of teaching and that act as the frame on which you will hang your teaching practices? How do these principles, understandings, and commitments link the promotion of academic excellence for students to the establishment of democratic learning communities in linguistically and culturally diverse settings? I am a Mexican lady who came to the United StatesRead MoreEthical Principles And Standards Of The Educational Research1130 Words   |  5 PagesEthics must be applied at all stages of research, from planning to evaluation of the research project; data collection methods as part of the investigative process must be guided by the ethical principles and standards of the educational research. According to the American Educational Research Association (2011), there are twenty two ethical standards, which were created to ensure the validity, honesty, and reliability of all stages of the research process. there are several examples of the impactRead MoreTraditional Principles And Practices Of Educational Budgeting1529 Words   |  7 PagesCrafting the Budget The traditional principles and practices of educational budgeting have come a long way and have evolved into the sophisticated system that we recognize and understand today. It is not just a document of receipts and expenditures, but it is a process used to govern fiscal behavior, set goals and meet program objectives. A working definition of a budget is a financial plan that involves four components such as planning, receiving funds, spending funds and evaluating theRead MoreRancieres Educational Principle of the Equality of Intelligence Makes Empowered Learning Possible848 Words   |  4 PagesIn this assignment I will focus more on Rancià ¨re’s educational principle of the equality of intelligence makes empowered learning possible. I will first explain Jocotot’s strategy he used to create learning environment possible to his students to learn French. Then I will look at the role of explication that support teaching. Furthermore I will raise his fact of how people learn language in their early age of their life related to formal education. Moreover I will explain how explication create aRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education : Educational Principles That Define Our Views About The Learner, The Teacher And The811 Words   |  4 PagesThe philosophy of education enables to recognize certain educational principles that define our views about the learner, the teacher and the school. MY PHILOSOPHY IS Recognizing that all living is a learning. I will be able to teach all special education children, knowing their behavior, skill, motivation, interest, thought, and habits. As a teacher, I know that the interest and the behavior are going together, and it will bring me to know more about my students. I will be able to knowRead MoreDeveloping A Safe And Healthy Environment1471 Words   |  6 Pagesenvisioned leading professionals in early childhood settings. The first section represents the Statement of Principles that is founded on beliefs, standards, practice and present research proof (p. 5). There are six principles acknowledging that families, communities and cultures embrace clear values about how small children should familiarize themselves within their surroundings. The first principle points out that early childhood development is the root for a continuous education, conduct and wellbeingRead MoreThe Protection Of The Environment1067 Words   |  5 Pageswhich to assess the potential risk of activity to their environment, also as a means of assessing the progress of the government’s environmental program. Principle 10 Principle 10 of Rio Declaration recognized that â€Å"environmental issues are best handled with participation of all concerned citizens, at the relevant level†. Under Principle 10, public participation is a creature of three distinct requirements Firstly, there is a recognition that participation does not occur in a vacuum; rather,Read MoreThe Role Of Teacher s Is Particularly Complex1729 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s classroom, the role of teacher’s is particularly complex, given the increasing educational needs of the diverse students attending. According to Ellis (2005), over the past 20 years classrooms in Australia have undergone significant transformations, with regard to changes in grading and streaming of students. This has lead to the diminishing of streaming and grading students into classes and groups solely based on their ability levels, resulting in classes of diverse ability that encompassRead MoreI Support Dewey s Approach At The Policy Making Level832 Words   |  4 PagesAs a student in educational psychology, I support Dewey’s approach at the policy making level regarding the educational purpose and its role in creating well-being individuals in the world. The idea that the education should be effective in preparing students to participate as active citizens in a democratic society seems big and need lots of work, time and efforts to have it achieved. He believed that the democratic movement in education was necessary for creating an equitable system of human liberties

Community Service as a Graduation Requirement - 1680 Words

Jasmine Santos Mrs. Shafer IU English 19 December 2011 Community Service as a Graduation Requirement A wise person once said, â€Å"If you light a lamp for someone else, it will also brighten your path.† This particular quote has helped me realize that not enough teenagers are helping their community become a more desirable place to live. Implementing community service into the senior project outline as a requirement would ultimately benefit the students and the community. Not only will the students become more aware of the activities that occur in their community, but they will also have a greater sense of self. Each student has his own reason for volunteering. Many volunteer for the joy of helping others, and some volunteer to seek†¦show more content†¦What is not understood is the difference between offering assistance, and creating a co-dependent relationship (___). Instead of pushing someone everyday to change their life around, one can give something small and still make a big difference. Community service gives su pport and relieves the negative energy directed to the less fortunate from society, while attempting to develop better habits for a better life. The process of transforming an unknown human being into a person with importance is time consuming. â€Å"The time it takes to help someone else in a small way is not wasted when it improves someone else’s well-being† (Brannagan). Once the volunteer feels as though he has improved the life of another person and there is evidence to show that the other person is no longer living in disadvantaged conditions, then the frequency of giving and the amount given from the volunteer is increased. To witness the improvement is a priceless matter and should give the volunteer the feeling of unconditional giving. Making a difference in someone’s life gives personal satisfaction and helps teens develop a better appreciation for the little things in life (Keeler). Community service is the voluntary work intended to help people in a p articular area. It should never be mistaken with a paid job or a guaranteed career. Volunteers can help communities save money by allowing them to spend the money on local improvements rather than using the funds toShow MoreRelatedShould Community Service Be Mandatory Graduation Requirement? Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagescontinuous debate that is currently receiving much attention is whether community service should be a mandatory graduation requirement. Preparing students to effectively function in the real world is an important aspect of our education system. Today more than ever, there is an emphasis on having experience before beginning work. Most jobs are now focused on looking past your resume to see what you have given back to the community. Nevertheless, it is important that schools focus on preparing collegeRead MoreWhy should high school students have to complete community service hours to graduate? When students900 Words   |  4 Pagescomplete community service hours to graduate? When students start their high school career, they are thinking about their diploma and their future. People should not have to rake leaves for elderly people or serve food for their local retirement home to go to college. Getting good grades these days is hard enough, but trying to earn a certain number of community service hours makes high school even more demanding. Helping the community is great; however, during school hours, community service can causeRead MoreResponsibility Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem that Dave Eggers postulates a way of solving in his essay Serve Or Fail. Eggers idea of making public service volunteering a mandatory part of your college education is brilliant and would no doubt aid in many areas of College students lives. According to Eggers, â€Å"...students saw [†¦] hours in need of killing – as opposed to thinking about giving a few of [those] hours to [the] community in one way or another† (583). Given the choice, students would rather become champions in Foosball or drinkingRead MoreA Research Study On Rutgers University Students1132 Words   |  5 Pages Rutgers University students enroll in many different majors. Throughout the student’s four year education, they get the opportunity to participate in internships which are not a requirement for graduation for every major. An example is the Psychology major. The Department of Psychology at Rutgers does not require its students to participate in any fieldwork, research, co-ops, or internships. The person that will serve as a patron for this project will be from the Department of Psychology, ChairpersonRead MoreShould Public Service Mandatory For Graduation Requirement?1348 Words   |  6 Pagesreceiving much attention nationwide is whether the education system should make community service mandatory for graduation requirement. Preparing students to effectively function in the real world is an important aspect of our education system. Today more than ever, there is an emphasis on having experience before beginning work. Most jobs are now focused on looking past your resume to se e what you have given back to the community. Nevertheless, it is important that schools focus on preparing college studentsRead MoreCommunity Service: The Benefits Volunteering: The great experience no one can afford to lose.900 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity Service: The Benefits Volunteering: The great experience no one can afford to lose. Opposers say, mandatory community service can have several negative effects on students. â€Å"Community service hours are impressive additions to college applications and can provide a student with a great sense of accomplishment; however, the mandatory hours will have many negative consequences† (Cydney Hayes, 2012). Many students are barely even passing the regular school curriculum, and opposers believeRead MoreClassroom Case Study1038 Words   |  5 Pagesone area of focus that the Cherry Creek School District will implement to assist students who have completed their high school graduation requirements, have an IEP, and may still need transition services additional experiences and opportunities to ensure they will be able to reach individual goals and acquire the knowledge and skills needed to access appropriate community resources and agencies. Currently, this program is housed in a cul-de-sac near the CCS D warehouse, after passing the bond andRead MoreThe Male Student Of Color1497 Words   |  6 Pagesthis population engaged and enrolled. In order to improve retention and success rates of the male of color, administrators at Cuyahoga Community College created the Minority Male Initiative to provide high quality student support services to this population. The Minority Male Initiative at Cuyahoga Community College was created in the summer of 2010 to improve graduation rates, retention and overall success of males of color. Through a national search for additional financing and through the involvementRead MoreCase Analysis : Community Hospital855 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Analysis The significance of community hospitals such as Community Hospital in Monmouth County, New Jersey, is greater than one may expect for primary and secondary care services provided to the local communities around the United States. Community Hospital’s mission is to provide exceptional primary care. However, with the declination of profitability in primary care, Community Hospital has had to compete with Shore University Medical Center (SUMC) and University Hospital (UH) for revenueRead MoreHow to Better a Community; Step One: College Students1711 Words   |  7 PagesJacob Schekman Julio Leal English 1A 6 July 2009 How to Better a Community; Step One: College Students â€Å"I went to a large state school – the University of Illinois – and during my time there, I became one of the best two or three foosball players in the Land of Lincoln. I learned to pass deftly between my rigid players, to play the corners, to strike the ball like a cobra would strike something a cobra would want to strike. I also mastered the dart game called Cricket, and the billiards

Working with Conflict and Diversity for Resources- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWorking with Conflict and Diversity for Resources. Answer: Attitude refers to ones feelings towards something. It may be positive or negative feelings. On the other hand behaviour means the manner in which people contact themselves while with other people or the surrounding environment while conflict may refer to disagreement or struggle between two people over their differing views (Clayton, 2012, n.p).Almost everyone has once been in a conflict, for it comes from many areas like differing goals, personality, scarce resources, values and styles of thinking. Mostly leaders of groups and organisations find themselves in inevitable conflicts and they have to look for possible solution. Some people find it a challenge to deal with conflicts peacefully and might end up expressing negative attitudes and behaviours. However, people deal with conflicts differently. Dealing with a conflict depends with its nature, and the people who are surrounding you or rather the environment. Conflict between friends ca be solved easily, since there is a feeling of love that unites the friends. However, conflict between unknown people may be difficult to solve, since there is a gap, which is in between the two strangers. However, when a person has a way of solving problems, it becomes easy to deal with issues, since they have self ways of dealing with issues. Some apply the Johari windows, while others apply the MBTI method. Others would prefer using the TA while others would prefer using the DISC method. All these methods apply differently and everybody applies each according to the nature of the conflict. Self governed people are always responsible, and therefore manage conflict instead of taking it at hand. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) determines a persons psychological makeup and how they perceive and make decision. For example, women perceive that mechanical and electrical works are made for men. It has four personality description used to examine a person. (Djelic, 2010 n.p). One can either be introverted or extroverted, sensing or intuitive, thinking or feeling and judging or perceptive. Depending with the matter at hand, different responses are applied. The MBTI is a tool in form of a questionnaire, which was constructed many years ago, and contains questions which the individual answers day after day. When a change occurs, that is in terms of personality, the individual records in the appropriate gap (Jenkins, 2017 NP). The MBTI pushes one to change behaviour, since no one would like to record a negative issue in terms of behaviour in their questionnaire. It therefore adds effort and pushes the victim to work towards the positive. In other words, MBTI can be described as a t ool that pushes individuals towards the positive direction in life thus giving them a new test and perception of things in life. According to Johari window, there are four window panes namely; open area, blind area, hidden area and unknown area, which work under two factors, that is, what one knows about themselves and what other people know about them. It is useful tool used for understanding and training personal awareness and development, improving communications, interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, intergroup relationships and team development The Johari window is a tool that helps people determines their character, in terms of personality. For instance, it involves victims writing the adjectives which describe themselves, and then asking their close friends to write the adjectives which describe them too (Schneider, Wiesehomeier, 2010, pg 1115.). By doing so, the adjectives are evaluated by the people who know the character of the individuals in test and the results are given. The possibly and effectiveness of johari tool is brought about by the results which declare that the adjectives given by the individuals ad those written by the victim leads to a similar personality (Djelic, M.L., 2010 NP). People say that this method is tricky, but character is the end result of habit. To some, the adjectives written by the close friends are just opinions, and can change if asked to repeat. However, they remain constant all the time, only if the same character is being described by the same people. TA aims at giving individuals freedom from restrictive old-fashioned patterns of behaviour, free exchange of strokes without manipulation and spontaneity. TA model states that a person has ego-states of their personality and they have to converse with one another. The ego state has behavioural, social, historical and phenomenological aspects. The manner in which one reacts to a matter ,that is, the posture, tone, gestures and facial expressions used help to tell to which ego state that one is in. Through this model one can sense that an individual is either in good moods or bad moods from the way they respond to issues. One has to be a good listener and at the same time a good observer to be able to identify and notice any change in the way of responding. The Transactional Analysis Is a Tool used by individuals to determine personality is the therapeutic approach which was developed by Eric Barnes in early 1950s and has helped many people to determine who they are (Meiran,, Diamond, Toder, Nemets, 2011, pg 153). It helps people like patients understand of the psychological factors that may affect patient communication, an appreciation for the diversity created by different personality types, the ability to engage patients based on adult-to-adult interaction cues, and the ability to adapt the interactive patient counseling model to different personality traits. The DISC model provides common language that individuals can use to understand oneself and adapt their behaviors with others. It helps one in various ways like increasing yourself knowledge on how to respond to conflicts either motivating you or causing stress, improving working relationship, facilitate better team work and guide on productive conflict Disc refers to their characters which include dominance, influence, steadiness and conscientiousness. According to William Marston, each person has one or two characters, which are found in each letter (Folger, Poole, Stutman, 2017, N.P). They help in determining the character of a person, and the character lacks in one of the initials, then it will probably be found in the next initial. This theory puts character into a boundary meaning that human personality cannot exceed the border. All there communication tools have helped me in developing my attitude, character and behavior (Jenkins, 2017). I have come to understand that there is a certain border that one cannot exceed in terms of character, when applying the disc theory. According to Johari window, friends can determine my character by writing down the adjectives which describe my personality. I must also write down what I think about by self in terms of adjectives, and that helps determine who I am. The TA and the MBTI have also contributed much in this section. All these tools have helped me understand who I am, and how I can be able to change my personality (Brown, 2011 PG 200). The MBTI has helped me to keep in the right track, by avoiding mistakes which can be easily committed in life. For instance, when anger is about to rise, I quickly rush in and fill my questionnaire, and make sure I fill it positively. This helps me manage my anger and have become respectful person. For instance I was busy attending to customers in an office when a client I had attended before came down to the table. The client complained to me that I had issued the wrong receipt to her. However, I had carefully located her in her right position according to attendance. She also said that a fellow customer had arrived after her and had a recent number. I understood that the client did not want to queue up and wait (Cuppen, 2012 PG 35). I therefore thought of ignoring her at first, but remembered that she would still insist for justice. I was too busy to handle the case. So, instead of being patient, she informed the manager about the issue, which made my anger rise. Delaying to assist her did not mean full denial. I was waiting for the opportunity since I was committed. When the manager came in, he solved the issue. My anger came down but the rest of the clients thought that I was irresponsible. The client too had to wait for her time regardless her complain. (Cuppen, 2012 PG 35 The MBTI and the TA are the two tools which have helped me most in my areas of concern. Every time I feel like doing wrong, I remember filling my MBTI (Gherini, 2015 NP). Since I cannot bear with negativity, I work towards the positive. I can therefore manage my anger. And have become a responsible person ever since. These tools have challenged me since my character can be indentified through my habits. I am a human being, surrounded by evils and goods. It is therefore my choice to choose where to belong, and that is how people will know me, and definitely defines me. Almost everyone has once been in a conflict, for it comes from many areas like differing goals, personality, scarce resources, values and styles of thinking. Mostly leaders of groups and organisations find themselves in inevitable conflicts and they have to lookfor possible solution. Some people find it a challenge to deal with conflicts peacefully and might end up expressing negative attitudes and behaviours. Reference Brown, G.K., 2011. The influence of education on violent conflict and peace: Inequality, opportunity and the management of diversity. Prospects, 41(2), pp.191-204. Clayton, M., 2012. Smart to Wise: The Seven Pillars for True Success. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. Cuppen, E., 2012. Diversity and constructive conflict in stakeholder dialogue: considerations for design and methods. Policy Sciences, 45(1), pp.23-46. Cur?eu, P.L. and Schruijer, S.G., 2010. Does conflict shatter trust or does trust obliterate conflict? Revisiting the relationships between team diversity, conflict, and trust. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 14(1), p.66. Djelic, M.L., 2010. Institutional PerspectivesWorking Towards Coherence or Irreconcilable Diversity? In The Oxford handbook of comparative institutional analysis. Folger, J., Poole, M.S. and Stutman, R.K., 2017. Working through conflict: Strategies for relationships, groups, and organizations. Routledge. Gherini, J., 2015. Santa Cruz Island: a history of conflict and diversity. University of Oklahoma Press. Jenkins, A., 2017. The Authority Guide to Developing High-performance Teams: How to develop brilliant teams and reap the rich rewards of effective collaboration in the workplace (Vol. 12). SRA Books. Meiran, N., Diamond, G.M., Toder, D. and Nemets, B., 2011. Cognitive rigidity in unipolar depression and obsessive compulsive disorder: Examination of task switching, Stroop, working memory updating and post-conflict adaptation. Psychiatry Research, 185(1), pp.149-156. Schneider, G. and Wiesehomeier, N., 2010. Diversity, conflict and growth: Theory and evidence. Diversity, 2(9), pp.1097-1117.

Norway Essays - Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, Media Of Norway

Norway The official country name in conventional long form is the Kingdom of Norway. Norge is the local short form. The capital of Norway is Oslo. Norway is situated far to the north in the western corner of Europe bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Norway shares borders with Sweden, Finland and Russia. The Kingdom of Norway, in addition to the mainland, includes the Svalbard archipelago and Jan Mayen. Norway also has territories in the Antarctic region. These are Bouvet Island and Peter I Island. The size of Norway is slightly larger that New Mexico. The geographical conditions do not favor internal communication in Norway. The terrain is two-thirds mountains and there are nearly 50,000 islands off its coastline. High mountains, glaciers with high plateaus deep fjords, and arctic tundra in the north make communication difficult (www.odci.gov.) Norway's natural resources include petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, and hydropower. Current environmental issues include: water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions (www.odci.gov.) People Norway has a population of 4,438,537 with a growth rate of .4% recorded in July 1999 (www.ssb.no.) The life expectancy at birth of the total population is 78.36 years. This statistic is broken down by gender and the life expectancy at birth for females is 81.35 years and 75.55 years for male, est. in 1999. The estimated total fertility rate in 1999 is 1.77 children born per woman. The infant mortality rate is 4.96 deaths per 1,000 live births (1999 est.) (www.adin.dep.no.) Ethnic groups include: Germanic (Nordic, Alpine, Baltic), Lapps (Sami) (www.odci.gov.) The major religions are Evangelical Lutheran 87.8% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3.8%, none 3.2%, unknown 5.2% (1980) (Ostbye, 1992.) The official language is Norwegian and there are small Lapp and Finnish-speaking minorities. Literacy rates are defined in the population of age 15 and over that can read and write. The total population is 99% literate (www.ssb.no.) Economy Norway is one of the richest countries in the world calculated by GNP per capita or purchasing parity which is $24,700 (www.odci.gov.) Norway thrives on welfare capitalism. The economy consists of a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises), and extensively subsidizes agriculture, fishing, and areas with sparse resources. Norway maintains an extensive welfare system that helps increase public sector expenditures to more than 50% of GDP and results in one of the highest average tax levels in the world. The unemployment rate in the year-end of 1997 was 2.6%. The inflation rate was low at 2.3% is 1998 (www.ssb.no.) Norway is a major shipping nation, with a high dependence on international trade and exporter of raw materials and semi-processed goods. The country is richly endowed with natural resources and is highly dependent on its oil production and international oil prices. Only Saudi Arabia exports more oil than Norway. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. Economic growth in 1999 should drop to about 1%. Despite their high per capita income and generous welfare benefits, Norwegians worry about that time in the 21st century when the oil and gas run out (www.odin.dep.no.) Government Norway is a constitutional monarchy which means that the constitution decrees that the country shall be ruled by a monarch. The king and his family have no real political power but are an important symbol and mean a great deal to the people. Harald V came to the throne after the death of his father Olav V in 1991. King Harald is married to Queen Sonja and they have two children, Crown Prince Haakon and Princess Martha Louise. The Storting is Norway's national assembly and consists of 165 representatives from 19 counties. General elections are held every 4 years. The Storting passes laws and decides how the national income should be spent. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and has 18 ministers to assist in the running of the country. Although the Storting is the most powerful body in the country, each of the 19 counties and the 435 municipalities has its own local government which is responsible for the building and running of schools, hospitals, kindergartens, and roads (www.odin.dep.no.). Every Norwegian has the right to vote from the age of 18. Norway was one of the first countries in the world to allow women to vote, which occurred in 1913. Since this period, Norway has come a long way in

Introduction to Ideologies Essay Example

Introduction to Ideologies Essay Do the assignments in as much detail as you find necessary to learn the material. Keep your notes for study purposes. Outcomes: 1 . To appreciate various perspectives regarding identity and ideology and the relationship between individualism and the common good. 2. To explore factors that many influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language, media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion( spirituality, ideology). 3. To examine expressions of individualism and collectivism and the dynamic between individualism and the common go( contemporary societies. . To examine characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature, beliefs about the Truckee of society, visions for the future); the themes of ideologies (nation class, relationship to land, environment, religion, progressivism); and the relationship between worldviews and ideology. 5. To analyze individualism and the common good as foundations of ideology. II. Learni ng Activities Students will complete 7 Learning activities using this learning guide, the textbook Perspectives on Ideology; and a number of Internet websites. The course textbook Perspectives on Ideology is available in the Library. Ill. Evaluation Spoon completion of this learning guide students will write a test in the Test Centre consisting of 25 multiple-choice items. Activity l: Consider the following with reference to pages 7 18, 23 24 and 49 50 01 Perspectives on Ideology 1 . Briefly identify different beliefs about human nature, nature of society, interpretations of history and visions of the future 2. Explain what is meant by individualism and collectivism. 3. Explain the role of values in influencing personal identity and collective goals. 4. Identify the factors that influence beliefs and values. 5. Compare and contrast the views Of Locke, Hobbes and Rousseau on human nature. 6. Consider the source on page 13. To what extent are the distinctly European ideas of Locke and Hobbes based on similar values? 7. Describe the meaning and role of ideology in human affairs. FOUNDATIONS OF IDEOLOGY The popular 17th C scientific approach to understanding natural phenomenon isolating, reducing, dissecting, and separating was adapted for use a social instrument, a political spectrum in the hopes of revealing the constituent parts of political belief. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Ideologies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Ideologies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Ideologies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A political spectrum is a way of comparing or visualizing political beliefs by placing them on an axis. The spectrum places conservatism on the right, verbalism centre-left and socialism left of that. Communism and Fascism occupy positions on the extreme left and right respectively. While the spectrum is an inaccurate measure of belief, the following characteristics are generally accepted: An emphasis on equality is considered left-wing and emphasis on liberty is right-wing Government economic interventionism is leftist; limited government is right-wing. Readiness to change is left-wing; support for tradition and the status quo is right-wing. The Political Spectrum Political ideas are often classified according to their position on a political Spectrum. The political spectrum first came into use shortly after the French Revolution in 1789. (Those who sat on the left side of the chamber wanted significant change in government; those on the right wanted little or no change. ) The Political Spectrum: as an expression of peoples readiness to accept change: NOTE: The expression status quo means the current system or the way things are now. If you desire change, then that means changing the status quo. If you leave things the way they are, then you are maintaining the status quo. The status quo) Radical Moderate Reactionary Radical: An extremist of the political left. Radicals want change to the status quo that is immediate and sweeping and are prepared to use violence to achieve their revolutionary goals. Moderate: Someone who is generally satisfied with the status quo. Moderates include both liberals who support progress and accept change as a means of improving conditions for individuals and society, and conservatives who resist change believing that traditions, privilege and law and order are essential to maintaining a civilized society. Reactionary: An extremist of the political right. Reactionaries reject hang and favor a return to traditional values, institutions and the real or imagined glories of the past. Ideological Belief and the Political Spectrum: In the 20th Century, radical Communists believed an international workers revolution would result in collective ownership and a classless society. Moderate socialists sought equality through democratic means. Liberals searched for broader individual rights in a just society. Conservatives defended privilege and individualism. Fascists were reactionaries who opposed equality, promoted uniformity and supported a return to national glory and empire. Communism Socialism verbalism Conservatism Fascism Note: On the spectrum, change moves to the left; consequently, over time, values that once seemed more radical gradually become accepted and eventually may represent the status quo. Liberals in the 1 9th century supported limited government, individual rights but not universal suffrage (it was accepted that certain groups, women for example, should not have the right to vote). Ironically, in contemporary society, it is conservatism that argues for limited government and liberalism that believes government has a meaningful role to play in creating a more egalitarian society. Conservatism, as always, aims to preserve the status quo and its inherent traditions and privileges. A spectrum representing the extent of Government Control Political and economic systems can also be classified according to how much control the government has over its citizens. The extreme right and left of the spectrum favor total government control to achieve their objectives. Socialists believe that government has a significant role in controlling vital industries and agencies. Liberals believe government has a role in shaping a better society. Conservatives believe the role Of government should be limited. Anarchists are so distrustful of the power of government that they believe it should be abolished. These views can be represented in a number of ways: Anarchism No Government (Anarchy) Limited Government (Democracy) Total Government (Dictatorship) Government Control Freedom _ Liberalism Individual TOTALITARIANISM MODERATES ANARCHISM Totalitarianism: A totalitarian state is ruled by a single leader and party. The executive has total control over all functions of the state and citizens are expected to give their full allegiance to their government. Such a state could be Communist or Fascist (also termed authoritarian, absolutist, autocratic, actuarial, one-party state). Moderates: Moderates balance individual freedom with the common good. Moderate states promote pluralism which recognizes the natural rights of a diverse population to actively participate in the governing of the country. The power of the government is limited by the constitution and rule of law. A separation of powers helps ensure that no branch of government can wield extraordinary power without the consent of the governed. Anarchism: Anarchists believe that all government authority is self-serving, potentially corrupt and unjust, and that individuals should be ere from external agencies. Viewed from all other positions on the spectrum, anarchism is rejected as a system that would result in anarchy (chaos); but, this reflects the perspective of those who support government a an institution. EXPLORING THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM The Spectrum as a Grid The difficulty of placing complex beliefs on a left-right spectrum led to the us of a grid system. In this way, an ideology that valued economic freedom but civil restraint could be differentiated from one that preached both economic and political freedom. Economic Freedom Political Freedom Fascists reject political freedoms in a state that glorifies leadership and national objectives. They protect private ownership but control economic decision-making. Communists reject political and economic freedoms in order to create a new communist state. Theoretically government control ends when a classless society is achieved. Libertarians reject government intrusion in the lives of citizens. Libertarians believe individuals should be free to do anything they want, so long as they do not infringe upon the rights of others. They reject collective values and are suspicious of government intrusion in their lives. Socialists use the democratic powers of government to achieve egalitarian objectives. The following example of a two-axis grid shows that it is possible for a person to be one of four combinations of Liberal/Conservative. For instance, someone could be a fiscal conservative On economic issues (i. E. Believes in free markets, limited government, low taxes) and a social liberal on issues such as minority rights. Spectrums are useful in that they provide a visual means of contrasting beliefs on a continuum but because they simplify information they have limited use in pinpointing complex political and economic ideas. Activity 2: Consider the following with reference to what you have just read about The political Spectrum. You might also consider online sources such as: http://www. Policewomans. Org http://www. Learnable. Ca/content/espies/index. HTML http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/political_spectrum 1 . Briefly identify the characteristics and beliefs of radicals, liberals, moderates, conservatives, and reactionaries in the 20th century. . On the issue of promoting change in social conditions, briefly describe the position of anarchists, communists, socialists, liberals, conservatives, and fascists. 3. On the issue of government intervention in the economy, briefly describe the position of anarchists, communists, socialists, liberals, conservatives, and fascists. 4. Compare and contrast the pos ition Of communists and fascists in theory. 5. Explain why the radical theory of communism and the reactionary theory of fascism, although opposites, are justifiably placed on the same point on a spectrum depicting the power of government in society. Canadians are generally uncomfortable with extremism. As a democracy Canada is noted for its tolerance and acceptance of a wide range of political beliefs; its governments have never varied from he center stage of conservative and liberal philosophy. The same cannot be said for other countries. Many European nations are hotbeds of political activism. Parties of the far left and far right vie for political power in an proper contest that pits Communist against Fascist, radical against reactionary. Activity 3: Consider the following questions with reference to pages 9- 18 and 105 1 1: in Perspectives on Ideology: 1 . What kind of government and political system would be necessary if one viewed human beings in the same way as Thomas Hobbes, that is, as selfish, nominative, and prone to evil? 2. Why would an authoritarian style Of government be advocated by someone who places the highest value on unity, order, and military strength? 3. Use the DEL glossary to explain the following terms: authoritarianism, autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, divine-right, monarchy, plutocracy, theocracy 4. What would the nature of government tend to be like if one viewed human beings as cooperative, rational, and essentially good, as was the case with John Locke and J. J. Rousseau? 5. Explain how the ideas Of Locke, Nonentities, Smith and Mill challenged the status quo. 6. With reference to page 18 of Perspectives on Ideology: Contrast Rousseau views of man in nature with man in society. To what structures and forces within society did he attribute these differences? 7. Compare Rousseau position with Hobblers. What could account for Ethel different conclusions about the state of man in nature? 8. Explain how the concept of the social contract is reflected in the ideas of Hobbes and Locke. 9. Explain how the social contract might serve as the basis of both individualist and collectivist ideologies. 0. Explain how the differing views of Hobbes and Locke result in significantly efferent ways of organizing society. 1 1. Where are power, authority and decision-making best placed in society? Why? To what extent does your position reflect a Hobnails or Locked perspective? 12. J. S. Mill analyzed the dynamic relationship between the individual and society. Ex plain how this dynamic results in both preservations of and restrictions to individual liberty. Activity 4 Complete the following with reference to pages 23 and 31 -47 and 50-51 of Perspectives on Ideology: 1. Identity could be said to be influenced by genetic, historic, cultural and current factors. Can ones personal identity be separated from ones collective identity? 2. Briefly identify what you consider to be the most critical factors that influence identity. To what extent do these factors represent underlying themes that characterize ideological belief? Activity 5: Complete the following with reference to pages 62 70 in Perspectives on Ideology: 1 . Briefly explain the importance of collectivist and individualist principles in human history. Activity 6: Complete the following with reference to pages 80 85 in Perspectives on 1. Briefly summarize the principles of collectivism. To what extent do they complement rather than oppose the principles Of individualism. Activity 7: Complete the following with reference to pages 44 -47 in Perspectives on 1. Explain Marshall Macaulays concept that the medium is the message. To what extent is medias impact reflected in high tech advertising? 2. Explain how Chomsky and Herdsmans concern with the potential of media to establish hegemonic control might negatively impact the ability of citizens to participate in a democracy. It is important to realize that individualism and collectivism do not represent an either/or proposition. Social issues are complex and should not be reduced to a simple choice. Political rhetoric often characterizes controversial matters in black and white terms creating a popularization that unfairly demotions the opposition. Recognizing this, Social Studies emphasize the importance of critical thinking; making decisions that are supported by evidence and guided by reason. Historical thinking and geographic thinking are important skills in this process. Neither is based entirely on known truths but rather on facts, accepted beliefs and critical interpretations that recognize the influence of a did variety of factors.

The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) †Business Research Paper (400 Level Course)

The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) – Business Research Paper (400 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) Business Research Paper (400 Level Course) In the early stages of American civilization, employers had little to no commitment to their employees. This spawned horrifying working conditions and multitudes of injustices. The United States government has been traditionally slow to react to the difficult and unfair work settings forced on its people. It took the civil rights movement of the 1960s to spark reform in many aspects of American life, including employee/employer relationships. One of the most radical, and recent, reforms the government has imposed is the Family and Medical Leave Act. The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) went into effect on August 5, 1993. FMLA provides employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave within a 12 month period during which their jobs are protected. Job restoration is guaranteed unless the employee is unable to perform the essential functions of the job. FMLA covers a wide array of issues that we as humans face. Employees who are having a baby, adopting a child, are having serious health issues, or have a family member facing serious medical issues are eligible for the 12 weeks of unpaid time off that FMLA offers. Although the FMLA is a great tool that the general population can use, there are also some stipulations that can protect the employer as well. First, only employers with over 50 employees are required to give leaves under the FMLA. The FMLA also does not require restoration of any ones job in its original state if the employee is incapable of doing the basic job duties. Another stipulation of the FMLA is the length of employment required by the employee before they are eligible for the leave. An employee must be employed by the employer for at least 12 months and work a minimum of 1250 hours. As stated above, the FMLA was signed into law in 1993. This happened by no small effort of the American Association of University Women. The AAUW is a woman’s group that focuses on family life and the betterment of American home life. The AAUW had been a long time supporter of flexible work policies and from 1983 to 1992 were strong supporters of the FMLA. If it was not for the hard work the AAUW put into the propaganda and advertising of the FMLA than the American workers would of likely never have had the benefits that the FMLA offers. The great working environments we thrive in today are products of many individuals and groups of people, such as the AAUW, who fought for equality and fairness in the past. 40 hour work weeks, equality in hiring practices, wage fairness and the FMLA are all blankets of protection that the United States government shelters its work force with. Employers are also realizing the rules like the FMLA, which is of no cost to employers, are actually increasing productivity and profits for companies due to the increase in employee moral. Employees that are happy and content in home life and feel their employers are supportive of themselves are much more likely to become highly productive members of the work staff. Research Papers on The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) - Business Research Paper (400 Level Course)Moral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesTwilight of the UAWThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationResearch Process Part OneNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export Quotas

PHILOSOPHY AND TRADITIONS IN MANAGAMENT RESEARCH Assignment - 1

PHILOSOPHY AND TRADITIONS IN MANAGAMENT RESEARCH - Assignment Example In this current essay, the researcher has tried to critically appraise the theories with the view of â€Å"Free Will†. It is a philosophical concept that refers to the capability of the economic agent to select a particular option among various alternatives (Free Will, 2014). Most of the philosopher has supported that, the notion of â€Å"free will† is strongly related with the ethical sense of the economic agents and the firm. The term free will refers to the power of the rational agent to select best alternative one from the sort of several options. Various constraints that included in the subject matter of free will concept, includes physical constraints, metaphysical constraint, social constraint and mental constraint. The principle of free will provides implication in various segments, such as ethical, religious, legal and scientific (Williamson, 1998). For example, in science, free will suggests different ways to predict human behaviour. Further, in religious realm; it implies choice of individual action that can increase moral obligation or certain injection to a man and so on. Most of the philosopher suggested that â€Å"free will is strongly linked with ethical obligation and responsibilities of the agents† (Plato.stanford.edu, 2014). In respect to the values of love and friendship, freewill also plays a significant role in building the root of relationships. In economic terms, a firm basically exists and state its decisions in order to make the utmost use of its resources. Firms interact with the market to determine demand and price and then allocate its resources to maximize its profits (Moyle, 1998). Consumers always try to maximize their overall utility whereas business organizer tries to maximize net profit. Thus, theories of firm always adopted and analysed in respect to the changing market and economics. The firm’s theory comprise of several economic theories